When it comes to ancient civilizations, there are several contenders for the title of “first.” However, most historians agree that the first ancient civilization of the world is the Sumerian civilization, which emerged in Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE.
The Sumerians were a people who lived in what is now southern Iraq. They were one of the first societies to develop agriculture and irrigation techniques, which allowed them to support a large population. They also invented the wheel and developed a system of writing known as cuneiform.
One of the most notable achievements of the Sumerians was their impressive city-states. These city-states were located in present-day Iraq and included Ur, Uruk, and Eridu. Each city-state had its own ruler and government, but they all shared a common culture and language.
Religion was also an important aspect of Sumerian society. The Sumerians worshipped a pantheon of gods and goddesses who controlled various aspects of life. They believed that their gods had created them and that they owed their existence to them.
In addition to their technological advancements and impressive cities, the Sumerians also made important contributions to art and literature. They created intricate statues and reliefs depicting scenes from daily life and religious ceremonies. They also wrote epic poems such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is considered one of the oldest surviving works of literature.
Despite all these achievements, the Sumerian civilization eventually declined due to factors such as droughts, invasions by foreign armies, and internal conflicts. However, its legacy lives on through its inventions, art, literature, and culture.
To sum up – The first ancient civilization in history was undoubtedly that of the Sumerians who developed in Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE. Their contributions in agriculture, irrigation techniques, wheel invention etc helped them support large population while impressive cities like Ur,Uruk,Eridu etc and religion added to their culture. Contributions in art and literature along with the epic poem of Gilgamesh made them stand out.