The Neolithic Age, also known as the New Stone Age, is a significant period in the history of the world that marked a turning point in human civilization. This era saw a significant transformation in human lifestyle and behavior, from being nomadic hunters-gatherers to settled farmers. It is considered a turning point because it led to the development of various human innovations and advancements that have shaped the world we live in today.
What is the Neolithic Age?
The Neolithic Age began around 10,000 BC and lasted until around 4,500 BC. It was characterized by the shift from a hunter-gatherer society to an agricultural one.
During this period, humans learned how to cultivate crops and domesticate animals for food production. This led to the establishment of permanent settlements or villages and ultimately paved the way for civilization.
Reasons why Neolithic Age is considered a turning point
1. Agricultural Revolution
The most significant development during this period was the Agricultural Revolution. The ability to grow crops and domesticate animals provided humans with a stable supply of food, which led to increased population growth and permanent settlements. This allowed for more complex societies to develop that could focus on trade, art, politics, and religion.
2. Development of Tools
As humans settled down into farming communities, they developed new tools and techniques for agriculture. They created plows, irrigation systems, and other devices that were crucial for farming success. These tools ultimately led to increased food production which allowed for larger populations.
3. Emergence of Social Classes
With larger populations came social stratification – the emergence of social classes based on wealth or occupation. In many cases, those who controlled the land (i.e., landowners) held power over others leading to hierarchies in society.
4. Development of Trade
Permanent settlements led to the development of trade, as people began to specialize in different occupations. Villages traded goods and services with one another, leading to an exchange of ideas and cultural diffusion.
5. Emergence of Writing
The Neolithic Age saw the emergence of writing systems, which allowed for the recording and preservation of information. This was a significant development that allowed humans to communicate more efficiently, pass on knowledge from generation to generation.
6. Artistic Expression
With more leisure time available from the development of agriculture, people began to create art and music. This was a significant advancement in human culture that allowed for creative expression and appreciation.
Conclusion
The Neolithic Age is considered a turning point in history because it set the stage for human civilization as we know it today. The Agricultural Revolution led to permanent settlements, increased food production, social stratification, and the emergence of trade and writing systems.
These developments ultimately led to the creation of complex societies with art, music, politics, religion, and more. Without these advancements during the Neolithic Age, we would not be where we are today as a species.